A Working Definition of Individualized Instruction

approaches, working in groups or work ing alone, and other expressions of learning style. Ability, or achievement-level, grouping is the least refined approach to individualization, since members of a group usually are taught as though they are alike. Instruction making use of the project approach, independent study, peer tutoring, or programmed instruction offers greater attention to the individual. IPI, PLAN, IGE, and open education offer a high level of individuali zation by providing individual students with lessons planned for them. Six Modes of Individualization In adapting instruction to the student, any or all of six general modes of individualization can be employed. The six present the building principal and instructional staff with a set of options for achieving a high level of attention to the needs, readiness, and learning style of each student. 1. At any level of schooling, different stu dents can work on different learning tasks toward different goals. Even within a standard curric ulum, many options can be offered the student reflecting individual interests and experiences. 2. Different students can use different learn ing materials or equipment in working toward the same learning goals. A familiar example is the use of manipulative materials in mathematics to supplement textual materials. 3. Different students can study a given task in different types of individual or group settings. Included are individual seat work, pupil-team arrangements, class sub-groups, or whole-class settings. Alternative programs, and career education with business or community organizations, also illustrate this mode. 4. Different students can work on a given learning task with use of different methods of